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Concept

Catenation

A molecular structure resembling a ring with interconnected spheres, symbolizing the concept of catenation, where elements form chains and rings through self-bonding.

The ability of an element's atoms to bond to themselves, forming chains and rings. Carbon is the master of catenation: its self-bonds carry roughly 347 kilojoules per mole, are stable in water, and can be extended indefinitely. Silicon, sulphur, and a handful of others catenate, but only weakly and only over short distances. Catenation is the structural basis of every known biological polymer, from DNA to cellulose.

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