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Shinya Yamanaka

A person wearing glasses and a dark sweater over a light blue collared shirt stands with arms crossed against a neutral background.

Japanese stem-cell biologist at Kyoto University who in 2006 showed that a cocktail of four transcription factors — Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc — could reprogram an adult mouse fibroblast back into a pluripotent stem cell. The technique, now standard, won him the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with John Gurdon. Turritopsis dohrnii appears to deploy the same family of factors naturally.

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