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Concept

Standard Model

The image depicts a conceptual representation of the Standard Model, featuring a central atom-like structure surrounded by various particles and geometric shapes, symbolizing the fundamental forces and particles in particle physics.

The framework of particle physics that describes the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces and the matter particles they act on. Assembled piece by piece through the 1960s and 1970s, it predicted the W and Z bosons, the top quark, and the Higgs boson before any were observed. It does not include gravity, dark matter, or neutrino mass — three reasons most physicists treat it as unfinished.

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