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Concept

trepanation

Trepanation is the practice of drilling or cutting a hole in the skull, typically for medical or ritual purposes. It was performed across many ancient cultures and involved removing a section of the cranium. Historically, it was used to treat head injuries, relieve pressure, or for spiritual reasons. The survival rate varied depending on the time and region, with some evidence suggesting a high level of surgical skill in certain cultures like the Inca.

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