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Institution

Fairchild Semiconductor

A well-lit building with the illuminated sign "FAIRCHILD" above the entrance, flanked by palm trees and landscaped gardens, represents Fairchild Semiconductor's headquarters.

California electronics company, founded in 1957 by the so-called traitorous eight defectors from Shockley Semiconductor. Fairchild produced the three-input NOR-gate integrated circuit used by the thousand in every Apollo Guidance Computer, and its alumni went on to found Intel, AMD, and much of what became Silicon Valley. The Apollo contract is widely credited with making the company, and the industry, commercially viable.

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