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Place

Lwów

A bustling street scene in Lwów, Poland, with historic buildings lining both sides and a prominent church tower illuminated in the background under a cloudy sky.

A central European city, Polish Lwów until 1945 and Ukrainian Lviv since. Between the world wars it was the seat of one of the most productive mathematical schools in history, gathered around Stefan Banach and Hugo Steinhaus and famous for its Scottish Café notebook, in which open problems were recorded and prizes attached. Soviet annexation and the Holocaust scattered or killed most of its members.

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