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Concept

Prime Number Theorem

A circular diagram with the number "1" prominently displayed at its center, surrounded by radiating lines and numbers, symbolizes the Prime Number Theorem concept.

The statement that the number of primes below a large value $x$ is asymptotic to $x/\ln x$. Conjectured by Gauss and Legendre at the end of the eighteenth century, it was proved independently in 1896 by Jacques Hadamard and Charles-Jean de la Vallée Poussin, both using properties of the Riemann zeta function. A truly elementary proof, free of complex analysis, was found by Erdős and Selberg in 1948.

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