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William Crookes

William Crookes, a Victorian English chemist and physicist, is depicted in formal attire with a mustache and glasses, holding a scientific apparatus, likely representing his work on electrical discharges.

Victorian English chemist and physicist (1832–1919) who invented the Crookes tube, an early evacuated glass vessel for studying electrical discharges. His 1879 lectures argued that the glowing rarefied gas inside represented a fourth state of matter — "radiant matter" — distinct from solid, liquid, or gas. The claim was dismissed at the time; the substance he described is now called plasma.

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